Construction calculator

Free paver calculator

Tell the calculator your patio, walkway, or driveway size and your paver, and it works out exactly how many pavers to buy — by size and laying pattern, with a waste margin for cuts, plus the gravel base and bedding sand that go underneath, updated live, as you type.

InputsLive
Paver size
Pattern
Length
ft
Width
ft
Waste factorset by pattern
%
Gravel base depth4–6 in patios
in
How the result is calculated
Pavers cover area, so the calculator divides your area by what one paver covers:pavers = area(ft²) ÷ (paverL × paverW ÷ 144) × (1 + waste)
  • area — length × width of the surface, in square feet
  • ÷ 144 — converts the paver's square inches to square feet
  • waste — extra for cuts and breakage (10% straight, up to 20% diagonal)
Base and sand are volume: area × depth ÷ 12 ÷ 27 cubic yards, with ~20% added to the gravel for compaction.
Check our examples
12 ft × 16 ft patio → 4×8 pavers10 ft × 10 ft patio → 6×6 pavers20 ft × 24 ft driveway → 6×9 pavers
Result
Pavers needed
951 pavers
That covers a 12 ft × 16 ft (192 ft²) straight layout in 4×8 in pavers, including a 10% waste margin.
Pavers (no waste)864
Coverage per paver0.22 ft²
Gravel base4.50 cu yd
Bedding sand0.75 cu yd
Estimated material cost
MaterialQuantityEst. cost
Pavers951$713
Gravel base4.50 cu yd$180
Bedding sand0.75 cu yd$26

Prices are regional estimates: pavers ≈ $0.75 each (4×8 basis, scaled by size), base ≈ $40/yd, sand ≈ $35/yd. The base figure already adds ~20% for compaction.

Paver coverage, waste and prices vary by product and pattern. How accurate is this?

Results are estimates. Consult a professional.

How it's calculated

How the paver calculator works

Pavers cover a flat surface, so the count is driven by area, not volume. The paver calculator takes the size of your patio, walkway or driveway, works out how much area a single paver covers, and divides one by the other to get the number of pavers. Then it adds a waste margin for the cuts and breakage that every real install produces, and — if you ask it to — estimates the gravel base and bedding sand that go underneath.

paver area (ft²) = paver length(in) × paver width(in) ÷ 144
pavers = project area(ft²) ÷ paver area × (1 + waste)
The area-division method follows the standard landscaping approach (Inch Calculator, manufacturer install guides): pavers needed = project area ÷ the area a single paver covers. A 4×8 in paver covers 32 ÷ 144 = 0.222 ft², so it takes about 4.5 of them per square foot.

What the result means

The headline number is the pavers to buy, waste included — the figure you hand to the supplier. The base and sand figures, in cubic yards, are what goes under the pavers: a compacted gravel base for support and drainage, topped by a thin bedding-sand layer the pavers sit in. Buy all three together and the patio is fully accounted for, from the dirt up.

Component breakdown

What goes into your paver estimate

A paver estimate is built from three pieces: how much area you are covering, how big each paver is, and how much you over-order for cuts. Get all three right and the pallet that arrives matches the patio you draw.

Project area — the base number

Length times width gives the square footage you are covering. For an L-shaped patio, split it into rectangles, find each area, and add them. This is the geometry the calculator nails exactly; everything else scales off it.

Paver size — how much each one covers

A paver's coverage is its two dimensions multiplied, divided by 144 to convert square inches to square feet. A 4×8 in brick paver covers 0.222 ft² (4.5 per ft²); a 6×6 covers 0.25 ft² (4 per ft²); a 12×12 covers a full square foot (1 per ft²). Bigger pavers mean fewer pieces but the same total area.

Waste factor — the cuts and breakage

Every edge that is not a clean paver-length needs a cut, and the offcut is usually too small to reuse. Add breakage in transit and the odd defective piece, and you need to over-order. Ten percent covers a straight running-bond pattern; herringbone and diagonal layouts cut more and need 15–20%.

Pattern moves the waste the most
Two patios of the same size and paver can need noticeably different orders. A 45° diagonal layout produces an angled offcut at every border paver, so its 20% waste is double the 10% of a straight pattern. Decide the pattern before you order.
Example

A worked example using the paver calculator

Example: a 12 ft × 16 ft patio in 4×8 in pavers

Maria is laying a 12 ft × 16 ft back patio in standard 4×8 in brick pavers, running bond. She wants the paver count with a 10% waste margin, plus the gravel base and bedding sand for a 6-inch base and 1-inch sand layer.

Step 1 — Find the project area

12 × 16 = 192 ft² to cover.

Step 2 — Find what one paver covers

4 × 8 = 32 in², divided by 144 = 0.222 ft² per paver — about 4.5 pavers per square foot.

Step 3 — Divide, then add waste

192 ÷ 0.222 = 864 pavers bare. With 10% added, 864 × 1.10 = 950.4, rounded up to 951 pavers.

Step 4 — Estimate the base and sand

Gravel base: 192 ft² × 6 in ÷ 12 = 96 ft³ ÷ 27 = 3.56 yd³. Bedding sand: 192 ft² × 1 in ÷ 12 = 16 ft³ ÷ 27 = 0.59 yd³.

951 pavers + 3.56 yd³ base + 0.59 yd³ sand
Pavers usually sell by the pallet or by the square foot, so round 951 up to the next whole pallet your supplier offers. Order the gravel and sand by the cubic yard — and remember compacted gravel settles, so many crews add ~20% to the base.
Quick reference

How many pavers do I need?

For a quick ballpark before you measure exactly, this table gives the paver count for common project sizes using standard 4×8 in pavers, with a 10% straight-pattern waste margin already included.

Project sizeArea (ft²)Bare pavers (4×8)With 10% waste
8 ft × 8 ft walkway64288317
10 ft × 10 ft patio100450495
12 ft × 16 ft patio192864951
16 ft × 20 ft patio3201,4401,584
20 ft × 24 ft driveway4802,1602,376

Counts use a 4×8 in paver (0.222 ft² each, ~4.5 per ft²) and round up. Larger pavers reduce the piece count for the same area; diagonal patterns need 20% waste, not 10%.

When to use

When to use this paver calculator

Reach for it any time you are covering ground with pavers and need to know how many to buy — over-order and pallets sit in the yard, under-order and you wait on a second delivery, often from a different dye lot.

  • Patios — the most common job, where pattern and waste factor matter most.
  • Walkways and paths — long, narrow runs with lots of border cuts.
  • Driveways — large areas, usually thicker pavers and a deeper base.
  • Pool surrounds and courtyards — curved or irregular edges that push waste toward the high end.
Sizes & patterns

Common paver sizes and how many per square foot

The math is the same for any size, but the piece count changes a lot. These are the most common rectangular and square pavers and how many it takes to cover a square foot.

Paver sizeCoverage (ft²)Per square footPer 100 ft²
4 × 8 in (brick)0.222~4.5450
6 × 6 in0.2504.0400
6 × 9 in (holland)0.375~2.7267
8 × 8 in0.444~2.3225
12 × 12 in1.0001.0100

Coverage is paver length × width ÷ 144. "Per 100 ft²" figures follow the Inch Calculator common-paver table. Counts ignore joint sand-gap, which is the standard estimating convention.

Choosing a paver is mostly look and budget. Smaller bricks give you finer patterns and more cut flexibility at the edges; larger pavers lay faster with fewer pieces. Whichever you pick, the total area you cover is unchanged — only the number of pieces moves.

Underneath

Estimating the gravel base and bedding sand

Pavers are only as stable as what they sit on. The standard build is a compacted gravel (crushed-stone) base for support and drainage, topped by a thin layer of coarse bedding sand the pavers are set into. Both are estimated by volume — area times depth — just like concrete.

LayerTypical depthWhy
Gravel base4–6 in (patio/walk), 8–12 in (driveway)Spreads load and drains water away from the pavers
Bedding sand1 inA level setting bed the pavers are tamped into; not a structural layer
Joint sandfills the gapsSwept into the joints after laying to lock the pavers together

Depths follow common landscaping/manufacturer guidance: a 4–6 in compacted base for patios and walkways, deeper for driveways, over a consistent 1 in sand bed.

Gravel compacts — add ~20%
Crushed stone settles when you compact it, so the loose volume you buy must exceed the finished depth. A common rule is to order about 20% extra base material so it reaches the target depth after tamping.
Base and bedding depths follow standard paver-base guidance: a compacted aggregate base (4–6 in for pedestrian patios and walkways, deeper for vehicular driveways) topped by a 1 in bedding-sand course, with ~20% extra ordered for compaction (Inch Calculator paver-base method).
Margin

Waste factor: how many extra pavers to order

Order the exact calculated count and you will run short. Border pavers get cut to fit, and the offcuts are usually unusable; a few pavers crack in transit or chip on the saw; and the odd piece arrives defective. The waste margin covers all of it — and ordering it with the original delivery means it comes from the same dye lot, so the colour matches.

How much to add by pattern

PatternWasteWhy
Running / stacked bond (straight)10%Cuts only at the borders
Herringbone (90°)15%Interlocking layout cuts at more edges
Diagonal / 45° herringbone20%Every border paver is an angled cut with an unusable offcut

Waste guidance follows Inch Calculator and manufacturer install sheets: ~10% for straight patterns, up to 20% for diagonal. The calculator defaults to 10% and adjusts up to 25%.

Why running short is worse than running over

Leftover pavers can be returned or kept as spares for repairs. Running out is worse: a second order may come from a different production batch with a visible colour shift, and the job stalls until it arrives. The margin exists to keep one patio one colour, laid in one go.

Definitions

Paver definitions

A pre-cast concrete, clay (brick) or natural-stone unit laid on a sand bed to make a hard surface. Sold by the piece, by the square foot, or by the pallet; common sizes include 4×8, 6×6, 6×9 and 12×12 inches.
The area a single paver covers, in square feet — its length times width in inches, divided by 144. It sets how many pavers a square foot takes: a 4×8 covers 0.222 ft², so about 4.5 per ft².
A straight laying pattern where each row is offset half a paver from the one before, like a brick wall laid flat. The lowest-waste pattern, needing about 10% extra for border cuts.
An interlocking V-shaped pattern, laid at 90° or 45°. It resists shifting under traffic, which makes it popular for driveways, but the extra edge cuts push waste to 15–20%.
A roughly 1-inch layer of coarse (concrete) sand the pavers are set and tamped into. It levels the surface and is distinct from joint sand, which is swept into the gaps afterward.
The compacted crushed-stone layer under the sand — typically 4–6 inches for patios and walkways, deeper for driveways. It carries the load and drains water away. Gravel settles when compacted, so order about 20% extra.
Accuracy

How accurate is this paver calculator?

The area-and-coverage math is exact. Project area divided by the area one paver covers is the precise bare count, and the base and sand volumes use the same exact area-times-depth geometry as any aggregate. If your measurements are right, the piece count is right to the paver.

The waste margin and the base depths are judgement calls, on purpose. The right over-order depends on your pattern, your edges and how clean your cuts are — 10% for a simple straight patio, up to 20% for a diagonal one with a curved border. Base depth depends on the soil and the load: a patio wants 4–6 inches of gravel, a driveway more. Treat the paver count as firm, the waste as a sensible default to adjust for your pattern, and the base figures as planning numbers to confirm against your local soil and manufacturer's install guide. When in doubt, order to the high side from the same dye lot — a few spare pavers beat a colour-mismatched second delivery.

Questions

Frequently asked questions about the free paver calculator

A paver calculator is a free online tool that helps you estimate how many pavers you need for a patio, walkway, or driveway, plus gravel base and bedding sand. Pavers cover area, not volume — so the count comes from your project area divided by what a single paver covers, plus a waste margin for cuts. It runs entirely in your browser with instant results and no sign-up.
It depends on paver size: about 4.5 per square foot for 4×8 in brick pavers, 4 per square foot for 6×6 in, roughly 2.7 for 6×9 in, and 1 per square foot for 12×12 in. Divide your area by the paver's coverage (length × width ÷ 144) to get the count.
Add 10% for a straight running-bond pattern, 15% for 90° herringbone, and up to 20% for diagonal or 45° patterns, where every border cut leaves an unusable offcut. Order the extra with your first delivery so it comes from the same dye lot and the colour matches.
A typical patio or walkway uses a 4–6 inch compacted gravel base topped by a 1 inch bedding-sand layer; driveways need a deeper base. Estimate each by volume (area × depth ÷ 12 ÷ 27 = cubic yards), and add about 20% to the gravel because it settles when compacted.
It's mostly look and budget. Smaller pavers (4×8) give finer patterns and easier edge cuts; larger pavers (12×12) lay faster with fewer pieces. The total area you cover is the same either way — only the piece count changes.
No. The paver count ignores the thin sand-filled joint gap between pavers — that's the standard estimating convention and it's covered by the waste margin. Joint sand is a separate material swept into the gaps after laying to lock the pavers together.
About

About this paver calculator

This paver calculator runs entirely in your browser — nothing you enter is sent anywhere, and the paver count, base, and sand update instantly as you change the area, paver size, or pattern. It uses the standard landscaping method: project area divided by what one paver covers, plus a waste margin for cuts and breakage.

Planning the rest of the build? Browse the full construction calculators shelf for related estimators like the concrete calculator, or see every tool in the calculator directory.

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