Free oven temperatures calculator
Enter a temperature in °F, °C, or Gas Mark — this oven temperature converter shows all three scales at once including fan/convection adjustments, updated live, as you type.
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Volume-to-weight conversions are approximate and vary by ingredient brand, moisture, and packing method.
Results are estimates. Consult a professional.
How the oven temperature converter works
Three temperature scales appear in cooking recipes worldwide: Fahrenheit (°F) in the United States, Celsius (°C) across most of the rest of the world, and Gas Marks in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Converting between them is mathematically straightforward — the formulas are exact. The Gas Mark scale was introduced in the early 20th century for gas cooker dials and remains standard on British and Irish oven knobs today.
Fan ovens (convection ovens) circulate hot air, cooking food more quickly and evenly than static conventional ovens. The standard adjustment is to reduce the temperature by 20°C (25°F), or alternatively reduce the cooking time by 10–15% while keeping the temperature the same. Most modern UK and European recipe books give both conventional and fan temperatures.
UK Food Standards Agency — Oven temperature guidanceWorked example: baking bread at Gas Mark 7
A traditional British white bread recipe says to bake at Gas Mark 7. You have a US oven with a Fahrenheit dial and a fan (convection) setting.
Gas Marks 1–9: complete °F and °C reference
This table covers the full UK Gas Mark scale with equivalent conventional and fan oven temperatures. The fan column assumes the standard −20°C reduction. Always check your specific oven's manual, as some fan ovens run slightly hotter or cooler than the standard adjustment.
| Gas Mark | Description | °F (Conv.) | °C (Conv.) | °C (Fan) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Very cool | 275°F | 140°C | 120°C |
| 2 | Cool | 300°F | 150°C | 130°C |
| 3 | Warm | 325°F | 165°C | 145°C |
| 4 | Moderate | 350°F | 180°C | 160°C |
| 5 | Moderately hot | 375°F | 190°C | 170°C |
| 6 | Hot | 400°F | 200°C | 180°C |
| 7 | Hot | 425°F | 220°C | 200°C |
| 8 | Very hot | 450°F | 230°C | 210°C |
| 9 | Very hot | 475°F | 240°C | 220°C |
Source: UK Food Standards Agency; King Arthur Baking. Fan column = conventional °C − 20°C.
Tips for oven temperature accuracy
The dial on your oven and the actual temperature inside it are often not the same thing. Understanding your oven's quirks — and knowing the ideal temperatures for common baking tasks — makes a measurable difference to results.
- Use an oven thermometer — domestic ovens commonly run 25–50°F (15–30°C) hotter or cooler than the dial setting. A $10 oven thermometer hung from a rack tells you the real temperature and lets you compensate accordingly. This is the single most impactful tool for consistent baking.
- Know your recipe's origin — UK, Irish, and Australian recipes often use Gas Marks or Celsius; American recipes always use Fahrenheit. If a recipe simply says '180°' without a unit, it almost certainly means 180°C (approximately 350°F), not 180°F (dangerously cool).
- Fan oven timing, not just temperature — when using a fan (convection) oven, you can either reduce temperature by 20°C/25°F, or keep the temperature the same and reduce cooking time by 10–15%. For delicate bakes (soufflés, meringues, chiffon cake), use the temperature reduction method to avoid over-browning.
- Common baking temperature landmarks — cookies and biscuits: 325–375°F (165–190°C); bread: 375–450°F (190–230°C); roast chicken: 400–425°F (205–220°C); cheesecake: 300–325°F (150–165°C); pizza: 450–500°F (230–260°C). These anchors help you spot a suspicious recipe temperature quickly.
- Preheat fully before loading — an oven reaches its set point temperature before the oven walls and internal thermal mass are fully saturated. For bread and pastry, preheat for at least 20–30 minutes (not just until the light goes off) to ensure a stable baking environment. A pizza stone or baking steel needs 45–60 minutes.
Accuracy and limitations
The °F ↔ °C formulas in this calculator are mathematically exact — there is no rounding in the conversion itself. Gas Mark equivalents, however, are by definition approximate: the Gas Mark scale predates precise temperature control and the original 'Gas Mark 4 = 350°F' mapping was an industry convention, not a physical law. Different sources list Gas Mark values that vary by up to 10–15°F (5–8°C) for the same Mark number.
The fan oven reduction of 20°C (25°F) is a widely accepted guideline, not a universal constant. Fan oven performance varies significantly by manufacturer and model — some fan ovens are more powerful than others. If you find baked goods browning too quickly or too slowly when using the fan setting at the recommended temperature, adjust by 5–10°C and note the result for future reference.
Oven temperature terms defined
About this oven temperature converter
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