InputsLive
Current age
years
Current savings (invested)
$
Annual income
$
Annual expenses
$
Real return
%
Safe withdrawal rate
Result
Age at financial independence
45.4
The age you reach financial independence — about 15.4 yrs from now, once your portfolio hits $1,000,000.
FIRE number$1,000,000
Savings rate50%
Years to FI15.4 yrs

Estimates only, based on a constant real return and steady saving. Not financial advice.

Results are estimates. Consult a professional.

Overview

What a Roth IRA calculator projects — tax-free retirement money

A Roth IRA calculator projects how much tax-free money you will have in retirement from after-tax contributions. A Roth IRA is funded with money you have already paid income tax on, so it has one defining payoff: qualified withdrawals in retirement are completely tax-free — both your contributions and every dollar of growth. Enter your age, contribution, and expected return, and the projected balance updates live as you type. Because a qualified Roth withdrawal is untaxed, that projected balance is what you actually get to keep.

Two features set the Roth apart from a traditional IRA. First, there are no required minimum distributions during the original owner's lifetime — the money can keep growing tax-free as long as you live. Second, your right to contribute phases out above an income limit, so eligibility is the first thing to check.

An individual retirement account funded with after-tax dollars; qualified withdrawals of contributions and earnings are tax-free.
A tax-free and penalty-free distribution — generally after age 59½ and once the account has been open at least five years.
Modified adjusted gross income — the income figure the IRS uses to decide whether you can contribute to a Roth IRA.
Earnings inside a Roth are never taxed when withdrawn qualifiedly, unlike a traditional IRA where withdrawals are taxed as income.
Eligibility first

2025 Roth IRA income (MAGI) phase-out limits

Unlike a traditional IRA, a Roth has an income ceiling. If your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) sits inside the phase-out band, your contribution limit shrinks; above the top of the band you cannot contribute directly at all. Check this before you project growth — there is no point modeling contributions you are not allowed to make.

2025 filing statusFull contribution belowPhase-out rangeNo contribution at/above
Single / head of household$150,000$150,000 – $165,000$165,000
Married filing jointly$236,000$236,000 – $246,000$246,000
Married filing separately (lived with spouse)$0$0 – $10,000$10,000

2025 Roth IRA contribution eligibility by modified AGI. Source: IRS. Inside the range, the $7,000/$8,000 limit is reduced proportionally.

IRS — Roth IRAs: 2025 MAGI phase-out ($150,000–$165,000 single; $236,000–$246,000 married filing jointly).
Over the limit? High earners often use a backdoor Roth — a nondeductible traditional IRA contribution converted to Roth — to fund a Roth indirectly. The income limit applies to direct contributions, not conversions.
The method

How the Roth IRA calculator projects tax-free growth

The projector compounds your balance month by month — growing the running balance by one month of return and then adding your after-tax contribution. Because Roth contributions are already taxed and qualified withdrawals are tax-free, no tax is subtracted at the end: the projected balance is the spendable, tax-free amount.

balance(next) = balance(now) × (1 + r) + monthly contribution
r = expected annual return ÷ 12 (monthly rate)
months = (retirement age current age) × 12
tax on qualified withdrawal = $0 (Roth)
Worked example

A worked example: 35 years of tax-free Roth growth

Example: starting a Roth at 30 and maxing it to 65

Marcus opens a Roth IRA at 30 with $0 in it and contributes the full $583 a month (the 2025 $7,000 cap) until he retires at 65, assuming a 7% return. Because it is a Roth, every dollar of the result is tax-free.

Step 1 — Set the horizon

From 30 to 65 is 35 years — 420 monthly compounding steps at a 0.583% monthly rate (7% ÷ 12).

Step 2 — Compound the after-tax contributions

Marcus contributes $244,860 of his own after-tax money over the 35 years. Each contribution then grows untaxed inside the Roth.

Step 3 — Read the tax-free result

$1,050,015 — all tax-free
About $373,158 in inflation-adjusted dollars. Marcus put in $244,860; the remaining ~$805,000 is growth he will never pay income tax on in a qualified withdrawal. These are the figures this calculator returns for those inputs.
Key advantage

No required minimum distributions while you live

Traditional IRAs force you to start withdrawing — and paying tax — at age 73, whether you need the money or not. A Roth IRA has no required minimum distributions during the original owner's lifetime. You can leave the whole balance compounding tax-free for as long as you live, which makes the Roth a powerful tool for late-life flexibility and for leaving money to heirs.

IRS — RMD FAQs: Roth IRAs are not subject to RMDs while the account owner is alive.
Inherited Roth IRAs are different: beneficiaries do face distribution rules. The no-RMD benefit applies to the original owner, not to those who inherit the account.
Who it suits

Who benefits most from a Roth IRA

  • Younger and early-career savers in a lower tax bracket now than they expect later — they lock in today's low rate and let decades of growth come out tax-free.
  • Anyone expecting higher future tax rates, whether from rising income or rising tax law, since the Roth pays tax now at a known rate.
  • Savers who want to skip RMDs and keep money compounding into their 70s and 80s.
  • People planning to leave tax-free money to heirs, who inherit the account without an income-tax bill on qualified distributions.

Not sure whether the Roth or a deductible traditional IRA wins for you? Compare them directly with the Roth vs. Traditional IRA calculator, or read the Traditional IRA page for the deduction side of the trade.

Mistakes to avoid

Roth IRA mistakes and gotchas

  • Contributing over the income limit. If your MAGI exceeds the phase-out, a direct Roth contribution is an excess contribution taxed 6% a year until removed.
  • Breaking the 5-year rule. Earnings are only tax-free once the account has been open five years and you are 59½. Withdraw earnings early and you may owe tax plus a 10% penalty — though your own contributions can come out any time tax- and penalty-free.
  • Assuming you get a deduction. Roth contributions are never tax-deductible. The tax break comes later, on the way out.
  • Forgetting the combined cap. The $7,000/$8,000 limit covers your Roth and traditional IRAs together, not each one separately.
Methodology

How this calculator works and accuracy

This Roth IRA calculator compounds your after-tax contributions monthly at the rate you enter from your current age to retirement and applies no withdrawal tax, because qualified Roth distributions are tax-free. It assumes a steady contribution and constant return; actual markets vary, so treat the result as a planning estimate, not a guarantee or financial advice. The 2025 contribution limit, the MAGI phase-out ranges, and the no-RMD rule cited here come from the IRS.

IRS — Roth IRAs (2025 MAGI phase-out ranges and Roth rules).IRS — Retirement topics: IRA contribution limits (2025 $7,000 / $8,000 catch-up).
Questions

Frequently asked questions about the free roth ira calculator

A roth IRA calculator is a free online tool that helps you project Roth IRA growth — tax-free in retirement. Roth contributions are made after-tax; qualified withdrawals are tax-free. It runs entirely in your browser with instant results and no sign-up.
For 2025, the ability to contribute to a Roth IRA phases out between $150,000 and $165,000 of modified AGI for single and head-of-household filers, and between $236,000 and $246,000 for married couples filing jointly. Above the top of the range you cannot contribute directly. Married filing separately (if you lived with your spouse) phases out between $0 and $10,000.
Yes, for qualified withdrawals. Once you are 59½ and the account has been open at least five years, both your contributions and all of the growth come out completely free of income tax. Your own contributions can be withdrawn any time tax- and penalty-free; it is the earnings that must meet the age and five-year rules.
No — a Roth IRA has no required minimum distributions during the original owner's lifetime. You can leave the entire balance compounding tax-free for as long as you live, which is a major advantage over a traditional IRA that forces taxable withdrawals at 73. Note that beneficiaries who inherit a Roth IRA do face distribution rules.
It is most worthwhile if you expect your tax rate in retirement to be higher than or similar to today's, since you lock in tax at today's known rate and withdraw tax-free later. Younger and lower-bracket savers, anyone wanting to skip RMDs, and those leaving money to heirs benefit most. If you expect a much lower retirement tax rate, a deductible traditional IRA may win.
Not directly, once your income is above the phase-out. Many high earners instead use a backdoor Roth — making a nondeductible traditional IRA contribution and converting it to a Roth — because the income limit applies to direct contributions, not to conversions. Tax on any pre-tax balance converted is due in the year of conversion.
About

About this Roth IRA calculator

This Roth IRA calculator projects how much tax-free money you will have in retirement from after-tax contributions, compounding your balance monthly at your expected return. Because qualified Roth withdrawals are tax-free, the projected balance is the amount you actually keep. It also flags the 2025 modified-AGI phase-out ranges that determine whether you can contribute directly at all.

It is a planning estimate, not financial advice — returns vary and eligibility depends on your income. Compare it with the rest of the retirement calculators, or browse every tool in the calculator directory.

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